что такое isgott на английском языке
ISGOTT 6 Что изменилось?
ISGOTT 6 Что изменилось?
ISGOTT 6 Что изменилось?
ISGOTT 6 Что изменилось? Вышло и начинает внедряться Шестое издание ISGOTT — Международное руководство по безопасности танкеров и терминалов Для перехода с ISGOTT 5 будет использоваться, так называемый, льготный период. Это означает, что ISGOTT-6 еще не является обязательным для инспекций танкеров, но с учетом обновлений OCIMF (Международный морской форум нефтяных компаний) рекомендует как можно скорее использовать ISGOTT 6.
Так что нового? В этом посте рассмотрим самые актуальные обновления и преимущества с точки зрения работника плавсостава. ISGOTT был впервые опубликован в 1978 году и с тех пор является пресловутой библией на борту танкеров. Отрасль стремительно развивается, поэтому и публикации должны идти в ногу со временнем и согласно тенденциям.
Общие рекомендации существенно не изменились: они просто улучшились. Однако новое Руководство демонстрирует явный переход от процедур к человеческому фактору. Понимание рисков, связанных с человеческим фактором, имеет решающее значение для управления безопасностью.
Система управления безопасностью (SMS)
Изменения, относящиеся к SMS, в частности, содержат дополнительную информацию и пояснения.
Человеческие факторы
Отдельная глава была посвящена человеческому фактору, в том числе:
Обнаружение газа и вход в закрытые помещения
Обнаружение газа и вход в закрытые помещенияЗдесь опять же, человеческий фактор играет решающую роль, так как все члены экипажа должны быть знакомы с процедурами Enclose Space Entry, но по факту это не так. В новой публикации имеется более подробное объяснение выделения газа, выделение потенциальных опасностей, объяснение приборов по обнаружению газа и дальнейших предостережений.
Руководство охватывает все: от местных замерений атмосферы в труднодоступных местах до аварийно-спасательных мероприятий для сокращения времени реагирования и внедрения в СУБП. Enclosed Space должно быть тщательно проверено членами экипажа, поскольку оформление разрешения (permit) на работу не означает, что операции безопасны. Лучшее понимание оборудования и его использования, а также объяснение подводных камней, должно снизить риск упущения из виду каких либо важных вещей.
Статическое электричество и Hot Work
Поскольку статическое накопление является абстрактным понятием, ISGOTT 6 предлагает информацию о накоплении и снятии заряда. Здесь также описаны меры предосторожности и примеры.
Риски, связанные с огневыми работами, очевидны для всех. Четкая блок-схема должна предотвратить пропуск шагов при планировании горячих работ.
Обмен информацией c терминалами и чек-листы
В дополнение к информационным буклетам и процедурам в новом издании подчеркивается необходимость личных встреч представителей судна и берега. Все аспекты операций должны быть обсуждены и поняты.
Чек-лист бункеровки разделен на несколько этапов — от проверок перед прибытием до проверки после бункеровки, и включает процедуры СПГ (LPG). Он превратился из простого обмена информацией в исчерпывающий контрольный список. Повторяющиеся проверки, которые необходимо проводить через определенные промежутки времени, были отделены.
Чек-листы безопасности судна / берега (SSSC — Ship Shore Safety Checklist) также разделены на несколько этапов. При необходимости каждый этап должен быть завершен. Опять же, повторяющиеся проверки были отделены. Проверки должны обсуждаться и согласовываться во время личных встреч.
Влияние на работу танкеров
ISGOTT 6 не вносит существенных изменений в безопасность рабочих процедур. Акцент делается на осведомленности экипажа в вопросах безопасности, предлагая рекомендации, основанные на объяснениях, а не полагаясь исключительно на процедуры. Грубо говоря, уже известные процедуры получили соответсвующие комментарии.
В связи с внедрением новых и улучшенных аспектов безопасности, SMS компаний необходимо будет обновить.
Хочу отметить, что ISGOTT 6 пока не является обязательным для проверки танкеров. Однако, стоит порекомендовать реализовать его как можно скорее для более качественого прохождения таких инспекций, как SIRE или CDI.
ISGOTT 6 имеет улучшенную читаемость, дружелюбный дизайн, простые схемы для планирования, а также информацию и объяснения.
Что такое isgott на английском языке
Издатель: OCIMF / IAPH / ICS
Introduction to Sixth Edition
ISGOTT was first published in 1978 by combining the Tanker Safety Guide (Petroleum) published by the International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) and the International Oil Tanker and Terminal Safety Guide published on behalf of the Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF). This Sixth Edition updates and replaces the 2006 Fifth Edition and has been reviewed by OCIMF and ICS together with the International Association of Ports and Harbors (IAPH). Support has also been provided by other industry associations, including INTERTANKO, the Society of International Gas Tanker and Terminal Operators (SIGTTO) and the Society for Gas as a Marine Fuel (SGMF), as well as specialists in topics such as human factors.
The authors believe that ISGOTT continues to provide the best technical guidance on oil tanker and terminal operations. All operators are urged to ensure that the recommendations in this Sixth Edition are fully understood and are incorporated in safety management systems and procedures.
This new edition covers a range of topical issues including gas detection, the toxicity and the toxic effects of petroleum products (including benzene and hydrogen sulphide), the generation of static electricity and stray currents, fire protection and the growing use of mobile electronic technology.
In addition, the opportunity was taken to include new topics or to significantly reappraise topics previously covered that have undergone a shift in emphasis since the Fifth Edition.
These include:
• Enclosed space entry
• Human factors
• Safety Management Systems (SMSs), including complementary tools and processes such as permits to work, risk assessment, Lock-out/Tag-out (LO/TO), Stop Work Authority (SWA) and their linkage to the underlying principles of the International Safety Management (ISM) Code
• Marine terminal administration and the critical importance of the tanker/terminal interface
• Alternative and emerging technologies
• Bunkering operations, including the use of alternative fuels such as Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
• Cargo inspections
• Alignment with OCIMF’s recently revised Mooring Equipment Guidelines
• Maritime security and linkage to both the International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code and industry’s maritime security Best Management Practices (BMP).
The Ship/Shore Safety and Bunkering Operations Checklists have also been completely revised to reflect changes in the understanding of the impact of human factors in their effective use.
The Sixth Edition retains the four-section format of:
• General Information
• Tanker Information
• Terminal Information
• Ship/Shore (Tanker/Terminal) Interface.
However, the layout has been significantly improved to make the book easier to navigate, with the addition of coloured sections and tabs. The text is supported throughout with new and updated illustrations.
ИМО поддерживает общие усилия перечисленных выше организаций в деле развития и одобрения международной нормативной базы, в рамках которой осуществляется эксплуатация судов, и, при необходимости, привлекает эти организации для последующего пересмотра и обновления уже имеющейся нормативной базы. За годы, с тех пор как ИМО приняла Конвенции СОЛАС-74 и МАРПОЛ-73/78, в танкерной отрасли значительно улучшилось положение дел в области безопасности, учета охраны объектов, а также в области защиты окружающей среды.
Однако таких достижений невозможно достичь только с помощью правил; наличие достижений свидетельствует о внедрении хорошей практики выполнения работ, которая принята и постоянно совершенствуется в танкерной отрасли, и которая направлена на обеспечение безопасности и экологической защиты задействованного персонала. Такой подход ведет к постоянному совершенствованию, концепция которого заложена ИМО в Международном кодексе по управлению безопасностью (МКУБ) и демонстрируется усилиями танкерной отрасли в поддержании на современном уровне Международного руководства по безопасности для нефтяных танкеров и терминалов или ISGOTT, как его везде называют специалисты.
Основой настоящего шестого издания ISGOTT (на английском языке), по-прежнему, является наиболее известная безопасная практика эксплуатации нефтяных танкеров и терминалов, но в это издание теперь также заложена философия управления, базирующаяся на оценке риска.
Способствуя пониманию риска, ISGOTT позволит более полно учитывать конкретные обстоятельства, исключить определенные сомнения относительно некоторых судовых операций не только путем их выполнения в соответствии с правилами, но также путем поощрения моряков и их работодателей идентифицировать риски в своей деятельности, и после этого предпринимать адекватные меры по их нейтрализации.
Такой подход позволяет концентрировать внимание персонала и, поэтому, полностью совместим с положениями МКУБ и стратегией ИМО относительно роли человеческого фактора.
Новое издание ISGOTT позволит не только достичь блестящих результатов в обеспечении безопасности в танкерной отрасли, но и свести к нулю количество инцидентов, к чему мы все и стремимся.
Поэтому рекомендуется всем заинтересованным сторонам руководствоваться ISGOTT.
ISGOTT 5-th EDITION 2006 ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЙ
Witherby’s International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT) 5th Ed.
Introduction to Fifth Edition
Safety is critical to the tanker industry. The International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and Terminals, or ISGOTT as it is now widely known, has become the standard reference work on the safe operation of oil tankers and the terminals they serve. To remain so, the Guide must keep abreast of changes in vessel design and operating practice and reflect the latest technology and legislation.
In this Fifth Edition, account has been taken of latest thinking on a number of issues including the generation of static electricity and stray currents; the use of mobile phones and pagers which are now ever present but which did not warrant a mention in the Fourth Edition; the use of new materials for mooring lines as emergency towing off pennants; the toxicity and the toxic effects of benzene and hydrogen sulphide; and the introduction of the International Safety Management (ISM) Code. The Ship/Shore Safety Check List has been completely revised to better reflect the individual and joint responsibilities of the tanker and the terminal. The Guide is now divided into four sections: General Information; Tanker Information; Terminal Information and the Management of the Tanker and Terminal Interface. Care has been taken to ensure that where the guidance given in previous editions was still relevant and fit-for purpose it has not been
changed or deleted in moving to the new format. We believe that ISGOTT continues to provide the best technical guidance on tanker and terminal operations. All operators are urged to ensure that the recommendations in this guide are not only read and fully understood, but also followed.
PART 1: GENERAL INFORMATION
CHAPTER 1 BASIC PROPERTIES OF PETROLEUM
1.1 Vapour Pressure
1.1.1 True Vapour Pressure
1.1.2 Reid Vapour Pressure
1.2 Flammability
1.2.1 General
1.2.2 Flammable Limits
1.2.3 Effect of Inert Gas on Flammability
1.2.4 Tests for Flammability
1.2.5 Flashpoint
1.2.6 Flammability Classification of Petroleum
1.3 Density of Hydrocarbon Gases
CHAPTER 2 HAZARDS OF PETROLEUM
2.1 Flammability
2.2 Density
2.3 Toxicity
2.3.1 Introduction
2.3.2 Liquid Petroleum
2.3.3 Petroleum Gases
2.3.4 Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
2.3.5 Benzene and Other Aromatic Hydrocarbons
2.3.6 Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)
2.3.7 Mercaptans
2.3.8 Gasolines Containing Tetraethyl Lead (TEL) or Tetramethyl Lead (TML)
2.3.9 Inert Gas
2.3.10 Oxygen Deficiency
2.4 Gas Measurement
2.4.1 Introduction
2.4.2 Measurement of Hydrocarbon Concentration
2.4.3 Flammable Gas Monitors (Explosimeters)
2.4.4 Non-Catalytic Heated Filament Gas Indicators (Tankscopes)
2.4.5 Inferometer (Refractive Index Meter)
2.4.6 Infra-red (IR) Instruments
2.4.7 Measurement of Low Concentrations of Toxic Gases
2.4.8 Fixed Gas Detection Installations
2.4.9 Measurement of Oxygen Concentrations
2.4.10 Use of Oxygen Analysers
2.4.11 Multi-gas Instruments
2.4.12 Personal Gas Monitors
2.4.13 Gas Sample Lines and Sampling Procedures
2.5 Hydrocarbon Gas Evolution and Dispersion
2.5.1 Introduction
2.5.2 Gas Evolution and Venting
2.5.3 Gas Dispersion
2.5.4 Variables Affecting Dispersion
2.5.5 Minimising Hazards from Vented Gas
2.5.6 Loading Very High Vapour Pressure Cargoes
2.6 Pyrophoric Iron Sulphide
2.6.1 Pyrophoric Oxidation
2.6.2 Formation of Pyrophors
2.6.3 Prevention of Pyrophoric Ignition in Inerted Cargo Tanks
2.7 The Hazards Associated with the Handling, Storage and Carriage of Residual Fuel Oils
2.7.1 General
2.7.2 Nature of Hazard
2.7.3 Flashpoint and Headspace Flammability Measurement
2.7.4 Precautionary Measures
2.7.5 Hydrogen Sulphide Hazard in Residual Fuel Oils
3 STATIC ELECTRICITY
3.1 Principles of Electrostatics
3.1.1 Summary
3.1.2 Charge Separation
3.1.3 Charge Accumulation
3.1.4 Electrostatic Discharge
3.1.5 Electrostatic Properties of Gases and Mists
3.2 General Precautions Against Electrostatic Hazards
3.2.1 Overview
3.2.2 Bonding
3.2.3 Avoiding Loose Conductive Objects
3.3 Other Sources of Electrostatic Hazards
3.3.1 Filters
3.3.2 Fixed Equipment in Cargo Tanks
3.3.3 Free Fall in Tanks
3.3.4 Water Mists
3.3.5 Inert Gas
3.3.6 Discharge of Carbon Dioxide
3.3.7 Clothing and Footwear
3.3.8 Synthetic Materials
4 GENERAL HAZARDS FOR SHIP AND TERMINAL
4.1 General Principles
4.2 Control of Potential Ignition Sources
4.2.1 Naked Lights
4.2.2 Smoking
4.2.3 Galley Stoves and Cooking Appliances
4.2.4 Engine and Boiler Rooms
4.3 Portable Electrical Equipment
4.3.1 General
4.3.2 Lamps and Other Electrical Equipment on Flexible Cables (Wandering Leads)
4.3.3 Air Driven Lamps
4.3.4 Torches (Flashlights), Lamps and Portable Battery Powered Equipment
4.3.5 Cameras
4.3.6 Other Portable Electrical Equipment
4.4 Management of Electrical Equipment and Installations in Dangerous Areas
4.4.1 General
4.4.2 Dangerous and Hazardous Areas
4.4.3 Electrical Equipment
4.4.4 Inspection and Maintenance of Electrical Equipment
4.4.5 Electrical Repairs, Maintenance and Test Work at Terminals
4.5 Use of Tools
4.5.1 Grit Blasting and Mechanically Powered Tools
4.5.2 Hand Tools
4.6 Equipment Made of Aluminium
4.7 Cathodic Protection Anodes in Cargo Tanks
4.8 Communications Equipment
4.8.1 General
4.8.2 Ship’s Radio Equipment
4.8.3 Ship’s Radar Equipment
4.8.4 Automatic Identification Systems (AIS)
4.8.5 Telephones
4.8.6 Mobile Telephones
4.8.7 Pagers
4.9 Spontaneous Combustion
4.10 Auto-Ignition
4.11 Asbestos
5 FIRE-FIGHTING
5.1 Theory of Fire-Fighting
5.2 Types of Fire and Appropriate Extinguishing Agents
5.2.1 Class A – Ordinary (Solid) Combustible Material Fires
5.2.2 Class B – Fires Involving Flammable and Combustible Hydrocarbon Liquids
5.2.3 Class C – Electrical Equipment Fires
5.2.4 Class D – Combustible Metal Fires
5.3 Extinguishing Agents
5.3.1 Cooling Agents
5.3.2 Smothering Agents
5.3.3 Flame Inhibiting Agents
CHAPTER 6 SECURITY
6.1 General
6.2 Security Assessments
6.3 Responsibilities Under the ISPS Code
6.4 Security Plans
PART 2: TANKER INFORMATION
CHAPTER 7 SHIPBOARD SYSTEMS
7.1 Fixed Inert Gas Systems
7.1.1 General
7.1.2 Sources of Inert Gas
7.1.3 Composition and Quality of Inert Gas
7.1.4 Methods of Replacing Tank Atmospheres
7.1.5 Cargo Tank Atmosphere Control
7.1.6 Application to Cargo Tank Operations
7.1.7 Precautions to be Taken to Avoid Health Hazards
7.1.8 Cargo Tank Protection Against Over/Under-Pressure
7.1.9 Emergency Inert Gas Supply
7.1.10 Product Carriers Fitted with an Inert Gas System
7.1.11 Cold Weather Precautions for Inert Gas Systems
7.1.12 Inert Gas System Failure
7.1.13 Inert Gas Plant Repairs
7.2 Venting Systems
7.2.1 General
7.2.2 Tank Over-Pressurisation and Under-Pressurisation
7.3 Cargo and Ballast Systems
7.3.1 Operation Manual
7.3.2 Cargo and Ballast System Integrity
7.3.3 Loading Rates
7.3.4 Monitoring of Void and Ballast Spaces
7.4 Power and Propulsion Systems
7.5 Vapour Emission Control (VEC) Systems
7.6 Stern Loading and Discharging Arrangements
CHAPTER 8 SHIP’S EQUIPMENT
8.1 Shipboard Fire-Fighting Equipment
8.1.1 General
8.1.2 Tanker Fixed Fire-Fighting Installations – Cooling
8.1.3 Tanker Fixed Fire-Fighting Installations – Smothering
8.1.4 Portable Fire Extinguishers
8.2 Gas Testing Equipment
8.2.1 Introduction
8.2.2 Summary of Gas Testing Tasks
8.2.3 The Provision of Gas Measuring Instruments
8.2.4 Alarm Functions on Gas Measuring Instruments
8.2.5 Sampling Lines
8.2.6 Calibration
8.2.7 Operational Testing and Inspection
8.2.8 Disposable Personal Gas Monitors
8.3 Lifting Equipment
8.3.1 Inspection and Maintenance
8.3.2 Training
CHAPTER 9 MANAGEMENT OF SAFETY AND EMERGENCIES
9.1 The International Safety Management (ISM) Code
9.2 Safety Management Systems
9.2.1 Risk Assessment
9.3 Permit to Work Systems
9.3.1 General
9.3.2 Permit to Work Systems – Structure
9.3.3 Permit to Work Systems – Principles of Operation
9.3.4 Permit to Work Forms
9.3.5 Work Planning Meetings
9.4 Hot Work
9.4.1 Control of Hot Work
9.4.2 Hot Work Inside a Designated Space
9.4.3 Hot Work Outside a Designated Space
9.4.4 Hot Work in Dangerous or Hazardous Areas
9.5 Welding and Burning Equipment
9.6 Other Hazardous Tasks
9.7 Management of Contractors
9.8 Repairs at a Facility Other Than a Shipyard
9.8.1 Introduction
9.8.2 General
9.8.3 Supervision and Control
9.8.4 Pre-Arrival Planning
9.8.5 Mooring Arrangements
9.8.6 Shore Facilities
9.8.7 Pre-Work Safety Meeting
9.8.8 Work Permits
9.8.9 Tank Condition
9.8.10 Cargo Lines
9.8.11 Fire-Fighting Precautions
9.8.12 Safety Officer
9.8.13 Hot Work
9.9 Shipboard Emergency Management
9.9.1 General
9.9.2 Tanker Emergency Plan
9.9.3 Actions in the Event of an Emergency
CHAPTER 10 ENCLOSED SPACES
10.1 Definition and General Caution
10.2 Hazards of Enclosed Spaces
10.2.1 Assessment of Risk
10.2.2 Respiratory Hazards
10.2.3 Hydrocarbon Vapours
10.2.4 Toxic Gases
10.2.5 Oxygen Deficiency
10.2.6 Products of Inert Gas
10.3 Atmosphere Tests Prior to Entry
10.4 Control of Entry into Enclosed Spaces
10.5 Safeguards for Enclosed Space Entry
10.6 Emergency Procedures
10.6.1 Evacuation from Enclosed Spaces
10.6.2 Rescue from Enclosed Spaces
10.6.3 Resuscitation
10.7 Entry into Enclosed Spaces with Atmospheres Known or Suspected to be Unsafe for Entry
10.8 Respiratory Protective Equipment
10.8.1 Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
10.8.2 Air Line Breathing Apparatus
10.8.3 Emergency Escape Breathing Device (EEBD)
10.8.4 Cartridge or Canister Face Masks
10.8.5 Hose Mask (Fresh Air Breathing Apparatus)
10.8.6 Equipment Maintenance
10.8.7 Stowage
10.8.8 Training
10.9 Work in Enclosed Spaces
10.9.1 General Requirements
10.9.2 Opening Equipment and Fittings
10.9.3 Use of Tools
10.9.4 Use of Electric Lights and Electrical Equipment
10.9.5 Removal of Sludge, Scale and Sediment
10.9.6 Work Boats
10.10 Pumproom Entry Precautions
10.10.1 Ventilation
10.10.2 Pumproom Entry Procedures
10.11 Pumproom Operational Precautions
10.11.1 General Precautions
10.11.2 Cargo and Ballast Line Draining Procedures
10.11.3 Routine Maintenance and Housekeeping Issues
10.11.4 Maintenance of Electrical Equipment in the Pumproom
10.11.5 Inspection and Maintenance of Pumproom Ventilation Fans
10.11.6 Testing of Alarms and Trips
10.11.7 Miscellaneous
11 SHIPBOARD OPERATIONS
11.1 Cargo Operations
11.1.1 General
11.1.2 Setting of Lines and Valves
11.1.3 Valve Operation
11.1.4 Pressure Surges
11.1.5 Butterfly and Non-Return (Check) Valves
11.1.6 Loading Procedures
11.1.7 Loading Static Accumulator Oils
11.1.8 Loading Very High Vapour Pressure Cargoes
11.1.9 Loading Cargoes Containing Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S)
11.1.10 Loading Cargoes Containing Benzene
11.1.11 Loading Heated Products
11.1.12 Loading Over the Top (sometimes known as ‘Loading Overall’)
11.1.13 Loading at Terminals Having Vapour Emission Control (VEC) Systems
11.1.14 Discharging Procedures
11.1.15 Pipeline and Hose Clearing Following Cargo Operations
11.2 Stability, Stress, Trim and Sloshing Considerations
11.2.1 General
11.2.2 Free Surface Effects
11.2.3 Heavy Weather Ballast
11.2.4 Loading and Discharge Planning
11.3 Tank Cleaning
11.3.1 General
11.3.2 Tank Washing Risk Management
11.3.3 Supervision and Preparation
11.3.4 Tank Atmospheres
11.3.5 Tank Washing
11.3.6 Precautions for Tank Washing
11.4 Gas Freeing
11.4.1 General
11.4.2 Gas Free for Entry Without Breathing Apparatus
11.4.3 Procedures and Precautions
11.4.4 Gas Testing and Measurement
11.4.5 Fixed Gas Freeing Equipment
11.4.6 Portable Fans
11.4.7 Ventilating Double Hull Ballast Tanks
11.4.8 Gas Freeing in Preparation for Hot Work
11.5 Crude Oil Washing
11.5.1 General
11.5.2 Advance Notice
11.5.3 Tank Washing Machines
11.5.4 Control of Tank Atmosphere
11.5.5 Precautions Against Leakage from the Washing System
11.5.6 Avoidance of Oil and Water Mixtures
11.5.7 Isolation of the Tank Cleaning Heater
11.5.8 Control of Vapour Emissions
11.5.9 Supervision
11.5.10 Cautionary Notice
11.6 Ballast Operations
11.6.1 Introduction
11.6.2 General
11.6.3 Loading Cargo Tank Ballast
11.6.4 Loading Segregated Ballast
11.6.5 Deballasting in Port
11.6.6 Discharging Segregated Ballast
11.6.7 Ballast Water Exchange at Sea
11.6.8 Discharging Cargo Tank Ballast at Sea
11.7 Cargo Leakage into Double Hull Tanks
11.7.1 Action to be Taken
11.7.2 Inerting Double Hull Tanks
11.8 Cargo Measurement, Ullaging, Dipping and Sampling
11.8.1 General
11.8.2 Measuring and Sampling Non-Inerted Tanks
11.8.3 Measuring and Sampling Inerted Tanks
11.8.4 Measuring and Sampling Cargoes Containing Toxic Substances
11.8.5 Closed Gauging for Custody Transfer
11.9 Transfers Between Vessels
11.9.1 Ship-to-Ship Transfers
11.9.2 Ship-to-Barge and Barge-to-Ship Transfers
11.9.3 Ship-to-Ship Transfers Using Vapour Balancing
11.9.4 Ship-to-Ship Transfers Using Terminal Facilities
11.9.5 Ship-to-Ship Electric Currents
CHAPTER 12 CARRIAGE AND STORAGE OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
12.1 Liquefied Gases
12.2 Ship’s Stores
12.2.1 General
12.2.2 Paint
12.2.3 Chemicals
12.2.4 Cleaning Liquids
12.2.5 Spare Gear Storage
12.3 Cargo and Bunker Samples
12.4 Other Materials
12.4.1 Sawdust, Oil Absorbent Granules and Pads
12.4.2 Garbage
12.5 Packaged Cargoes
12.5.1 Petroleum and Other Flammable Liquids
12.5.2 Dangerous Goods
12.5.3 Entry into Holds
12.5.4 Portable Electrical Equipment
12.5.5 Smothering Type Fire Extinguishing Systems
12.5.6 Fire-Fighting Precautions
12.5.7 Forecastle Spaces and Midship Stores
12.5.8 Deck Cargo
12.5.9 Barges
CHAPTER 13 HUMAN ELEMENT CONSIDERATIONS
13.1 Manning Levels
13.2 Training and Experience
13.3 Hours of Rest
13.3.1 Statutory Requirements
13.3.2 Fatigue
13.4 Drug and Alcohol Policy
13.4.1 Industry Guidelines
13.4.2 Control of Alcohol
13.4.3 Drug and Alcohol Testing Programmes
13.5 Drug Trafficking
13.6 Employment Practices
CHAPTER 14 SPECIAL SHIP TYPES
14.1 Combination Carriers
14.1.1 General Guidance
14.1.2 Types of Combination Carriers
14.1.3 Slack Holds in Combination Carriers
14.1.4 Sloshing
14.1.5 Longitudinal Stress
14.1.6 Venting of Cargo Holds
14.1.7 Inert Gas
14.1.8 Hatch Covers
14.1.9 Tank Washing
14.1.10 Carriage of Slops when Trading as a Dry Bulk Carrier
14.1.11 Leakage into Ballast Tanks on Combination Carriers
14.1.12 Testing of Cargo Tanks and Enclosed Spaces on Dry Bulk Voyages
14.1.13 Cargo Changeover Check-Lists
14.2 LPG Carriers Carrying Petroleum Products
14.2.1 General
14.2.2 Product Limitations
14.2.3 Pre-Loading Preparations
14.2.4 Loading of Pentane Plus or Naphtha
14.2.5 Cargo Sampling
14.2.6 Loading, Carriage and Discharge Procedures
14.2.7 Tank Cleaning and Changeover Procedures
PART 3: TERMINAL INFORMATION
CHAPTER 15 TERMINAL MANAGEMENT AND ORGANISATION
15.1 Compliance
15.2 Hazard Identification and Risk Management
15.3 Operating Manual
15.4 Terminal Information and Port Regulations
15.5 Supervision and Control
15.5.1 Manning Levels
15.5.2 De-Manning of Berths During Cargo Handling
15.5.3 Checks on Quantity During Cargo Handling
15.5.4 Training
15.6 Ship and Berth Compatibility
15.6.1 Maximum Draught
15.6.2 Maximum Displacement
15.6.3 Length Overall (LOA)
15.6.4 Other Criteria
15.7 Documentation
CHAPTER 16 TERMINAL OPERATIONS
16.1 Pre-Arrival Communications
16.2 Mooring
16.2.1 Mooring Equipment
16.3 Limiting Conditions for Operations
16.4 Ship/Shore Access
16.4.1 General
16.4.2 Provision of Ship/Shore Access
16.4.3 Access Equipment
16.4.4 Siting of Gangways
16.4.5 Safety Nets
16.4.6 Routine Maintenance
16.4.7 Unauthorised Persons
16.4.8 Persons Smoking or Intoxicated
16.5 Double Banking
16.6 Over the Tide Cargo Operations
16.6.1 Discharging Over the Tide
16.6.2 Loading Over the Tide
16.7 Operations Where the Ship is not Always Afloat
16.8 Generation of Pressure Surges in Pipelines
16.8.1 Introduction
16.8.2 Generation of a Pressure Surge
16.9 Assessment of Pressure Surges
16.9.1 Effective Valve Closure Time
16.9.2 Derivation of Total Pressure in the System
16.9.3 Overall System Design
16.10 Reduction of Pressure Surge Hazard
16.10.1 General Precautions
16.10.2 Limitation of Flow Rate to Avoid the Risk of a Damaging Pressure Surge
16.11 Pipeline Flow Control as a Static Precaution
16.11.1 General
16.11.2 Flow Control Requirements
16.11.3 Controlling Loading Rates
16.11.4 Discharge into Shore Installations
CHAPTER 17 TERMINAL SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT
17.1 Electrical Equipment
17.2 Fendering
17.3 Lifting Equipment
17.3.1 Inspection and Maintenance
17.3.2 Training in the Use of Lifting Equipment
17.4 Lighting
17.5 Ship/Shore Electrical Isolation
17.5.1 General
17.5.2 Ship-to-Shore Electric Currents
17.5.3 Sea Islands
17.5.4 Ship/Shore Bonding Cables
17.5.5 Insulating Flange
17.6 Earthing and Bonding Practice in the Terminal
CHAPTER 18 CARGO TRANSFER EQUIPMENT
18.1 Metal Cargo Arms
18.1.1 Operating Envelope
18.1.2 Forces on Manifolds
18.1.3 Tanker Manifold Restrictions
18.1.4 Inadvertent Filling of Arms while Parked
18.1.5 Ice Formation
18.1.6 Mechanical Couplers
18.1.7 Wind Forces
18.1.8 Precautions when Connecting and Disconnecting Arms
18.1.9 Precautions while Arms are Connected
18.1.10 Powered Emergency Release Couplings (PERCs)
18.2 Cargo Hoses
18.2.1 General
18.2.2 Types and Applications
18.2.3 Performance
18.2.4 Marking
18.2.5 Flow Velocities
18.2.6 Inspection,Testing and Maintenance Requirements for Dock Cargo Hoses
18.2.7 Hose Flange Standards
18.2.8 Operating Conditions
18.2.9 Extended Storage
18.2.10 Checks Before Hose Handling
18.2.11 Handling, Lifting and Suspending
18.2.12 Adjustment During Cargo Handling Operations
18.2.13 Submarine and Floating Hose Strings
18.3 Vapour Emission Control Systems
CHAPTER 19 SAFETY AND FIRE PROTECTION
19.1 Safety
19.1.1 Design Considerations
19.1.2 Safety Management
19.1.3 Permit to Work Systems – General Considerations
19.2 Marine Terminal Fire Protection
19.2.1 General
19.2.2 Fire Prevention and Isolation
19.2.3 Fire Detection and Alarm Systems
19.2.4 Automatic Detection Systems
19.2.5 Selection of Fire Detectors
19.2.6 Location and Spacing of Fire Detectors
19.2.7 Fixed Combustible and Toxic Gas Detectors
19.2.8 Locating Fixed Combustible and Toxic Gas Detectors
19.2.9 Fixed Combustible and Toxic Gas Analysers
19.2.10 Fire Extinguishing System Compatibility
19.3 Alarm and Signalling Systems
19.3.1 Types of Alarm Systems
19.3.2 Types of Signal
19.3.3 Alarm and Signalling System Design
19.3.4 Alternative Alarm and Signalling System Design
19.3.5 Interface Between Detection Systems and Alarm or Fire Extinguishing Systems – Circuit Design
19.3.6 Electric Power Sources
19.4 Detection and Alarm Systems at Terminals Handling Crude Oil and Petroleum Products
19.4.1 General
19.4.2 Control Rooms/Control Buildings
19.5 Fire-Fighting Equipment
19.5.1 Terminal Fire-Fighting Equipment
19.5.2 Portable and Wheeled Fire Extinguishers and Monitors
19.5.3 Terminal Fixed Fire-Fighting Equipment
19.6 Water-Borne Fire-Fighting Equipment
19.7 Protective Clothing
19.8 Access for Fire-Fighting Services
CHAPTER 20 EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS
20.1 Overview
20.2 Terminal Emergency Planning – Plan Components and Procedures
20.2.1 Preparation
20.2.2 Control
20.2.3 Communications and Alarms
20.2.4 Site Plans and Maps
20.2.5 Access to Equipment
20.2.6 Road Traffic Movement and Control
20.2.7 Outside Services
20.2.8 Training for Emergencies
20.3 Definition and Hierarchy of Emergencies
20.3.1 General
20.3.2 Hierarchy of Emergencies
20.3.3 Assessing Risks
20.4 Terminal Emergency Plan
20.4.1 Format
20.4.2 Preparation
20.4.3 Resource Availability
20.4.4 Miscellaneous Organisational Items
20.5 Emergency Removal of Tanker from Berth
CHAPTER 21 EMERGENCY EVACUATION
21.1 General
21.1.1 Ship Evacuation
21.1.2 Non-Essential Personnel
21.2 Evacuation and Personnel Escape Routes
21.2.1 Primary and Secondary Escape Routes
21.2.2 Protection of Personnel
21.2.3 Boat Access
21.2.4 Availability of Rescue Craft
21.2.5 Life Saving Appliances
21.3 Survival Craft
21.4 Training and Drills
PART 4: MANAGEMENT OF THE TANKER AND TERMINAL INTERFACE
CHAPTER 22 COMMUNICATIONS
22.1 Procedures and Precautions
22.1.1 Communications Equipment
22.1.2 Communications Procedures
22.1.3 Compliance with Terminal and Local Regulations
22.2 Pre-Arrival Exchange of Information
22.2.1 Exchange of Security Information
22.2.2 Tanker to Appropriate Competent Authority
22.2.3 Tanker to Terminal
22.2.4 Terminal to Tanker
22.3 Pre-Berthing Exchange of Information
22.3.1 Tanker to Terminal and/or Pilot
22.3.2 Terminal and/or Pilot to Tanker
22.4 Pre-Transfer Exchange of Information
22.4.1 Tanker to Terminal
22.4.2 Terminal to Tanker
22.5 Agreed Loading Plan
22.6 Agreed Discharge Plan
22.7 Agreement to Carry Out Repairs
22.7.1 Repairs on the Tanker
22.7.2 Repairs on the Terminal
22.7.3 Use of Tools whilst a Tanker is Alongside a Terminal
CHAPTER 23 MOORING
23.1 Personnel Safety
23.2 Security of Moorings
23.3 Preparations for Arrival
23.3.1 Tanker’s Mooring Equipment
23.3.2 Use of Tugs
23.3.3 Emergency Use of Tugs
23.4 Mooring at Jetty Berths
23.4.1 Type and Quality of Mooring Lines
23.4.2 Management of Moorings at Alongside Berths
23.5 Berthing at Buoy Moorings
23.5.1 Mooring at Conventional Multi-Buoy Moorings
23.5.2 Mooring at Single Point Moorings (SPMs)
23.5.3 Management of Moorings at Buoy Berths
CHAPTER 24 PRECAUTIONS ON SHIP AND TERMINAL DURING CARGO HANDLING
24.1 External Openings in Superstructures
24.2 Central Air Conditioning and Ventilation Systems
24.3 Openings in Cargo Tanks
24.3.1 Cargo Tank Lids
24.3.2 Sighting and Ullage Ports
24.3.3 Cargo Tank Vent Outlets
24.3.4 Tank Washing Openings
24.4 Inspection of Ship’s Cargo Tanks Before Loading
24.5 Segregated Ballast Tank Lids
24.6 Ship and Shore Cargo Connections
24.6.1 Flange Connections
24.6.2 Removal of Blank Flanges
24.6.3 Reducers and Spools
24.6.4 Lighting
24.6.5 Emergency Release
24.7 Accidental Oil Spillage and Leakage
24.7.1 General
24.7.2 Sea and Overboard Discharge Valves
24.7.3 Scupper Plugs
24.7.4 Spill Containment
24.7.5 Ship and Shore Cargo and Bunker Pipelines not in Use
24.8 Fire-Fighting Equipment
24.9 Proximity to Other Vessels
24.9.1 Tankers at Adjacent Berths
24.9.2 General Cargo Ships at Adjacent Berths
24.9.3 Tanker Operations at General Cargo Berths
24.9.4 Tugs and Other Craft Alongside
24.10 Notices
24.10.1 Notices on the Tanker
24.10.2 Notices on the Terminal
24.11 Manning Requirements
24.12 Control of Naked Flames and Other Potential Ignition Sources
24.13 Control of Vehicles and Other Equipment
24.14 Helicopter Operations
CHAPTER 25 BUNKERING OPERATIONS
25.1 General
25.2 Bunkering Procedures
25.3 The Bunkering Operation
25.4 The Bunkering Safety Check-List
25.4.1 General
25.4.2 Guidelines for Use
25.4.3 Bunkering Safety Check-List
CHAPTER 26 SAFETY MANAGEMENT
26.1 Climatic Conditions
26.1.1 Terminal Advice of Adverse Weather Conditions
26.1.2 Wind Conditions
26.1.3 Electrical Storms (Lightning)
26.2 Personnel Safety
26.2.1 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
26.2.2 Slip and Fall Hazards
26.2.3 Personal Hygiene
26.2.4 Clothing Made of Synthetic Materials
26.3 The Ship/Shore Safety Check-List
26.3.1 General
26.3.2 Guidelines for Use
26.3.3 The Ship/Shore Safety Check-List
26.3.4 Example Safety Letter
26.4 Guidelines for Completing the Ship/Shore Safety Check-List
26.5 Emergency Actions
26.5.1 Fire or Explosion on a Berth
26.5.2 Fire on a Tanker at a Terminal
26.5.3 International Shore Fire Connection
26.5.4 Emergency Release Procedures
26.5.5 Emergency Towing-Off Pennants